Task 1

INTEGRATED

综合写作

如何解决fresh water不够的问题

阅读说明可以用iceberg

1. 可以漂浮运输，方便。

2. 可以帮助*护鱼类和其它生物，不会伤害生态圈。

3. 成本更加低，更划算。

听力进行反驳：

1. 运输过程中，会有风吹不到的地方，还可能会发生碰撞。

2. 运输时间比较长，iceberg会融化，里面的盐分会融入pole到水里，伤害里面的生物，危害pole的生态圈。

3. iceberg很重很大，运输的时候需要用机器将它们分割成小块，不能节约成本。

Task 2   INDEPENDENT  独立写作

话题类别

教育类

考题文字

If you are required to give feedbacks about your classmates or colleagues, would you like to give positive comments or negative comments first?

参考范文

With cooperation inside classroom and companies more and more frequent, comments and feedbacks are common among classmates and colleagues. Some people put forward that negative comments given at first are useful in guiding their classmates and colleagues to the right side. However, in view of closer relationship with others and the better performance of the team, it is a smarter move for people to give positive feedbacks first.

First, giving positive feedbacks first is beneficial to relationship with others. Such is human nature that people will shift the attitudes that others have towards them to others. That is to say, when people find themselves vulnerable to criticism, it is likely that their attitude will change in the same way. In this sense, the atmosphere in the whole team, classroom and the companies will be so unsatisfying that arguments and conflicts will happen frequently. But it would be a different story if people all act positively to others. For example, it is common to see that many teachers in primary or junior high schools will ask students for their suggestions or evaluations of others. And what often occurs is that those who are agreeable and easy-going and tend to speak highly of their classmates are always those who receive the high assessment or remarks from their classmates.

Additionally, giving positive feedbacks first encourages classmates or colleagues to work harder. The anticipation that they are valued, appreciated and respected drives people to make every endeavor actively to cater to higher needs or demands. On the contrary, once their efforts are not recognized, they are likely to be dismayed and question their ability, thus ceasing to better themselves or make further contributions to the team. Imagine a situation like this: a team in the company has to work out a design for the logo of a coffee bar, but each time the members get together around the conference table, they point out the problems existing in the plan, design or ideas of each other rather than praise each other’s thinking pattern or expertise. Days later, every one of them lose passion to do research into or make changes of their own designing scheme, because in their minds, it is never possible for them to be accepted and appreciated by others.

Granted, it is not to say that giving negative comments first is totally harmful. Since positive feedbacks that come first will eclipse the importance of the following negative comments, making it possible for classmates or colleagues to abandon themselves into their “satisfying performance” without getting to know their weaknesses. Also, negative attitudes, to some extent, will ignite the passion of classmates or colleagues to prove themselves. That being said, the harm of negative comments is immeasurable. It is often difficult for people to master the way or tone to give out their negative feedbacks; hence, good chances are that these negative feedbacks will be distorted, misunderstood and exaggerated in the listeners’ minds, leaving deep and irreversible hurt.

In a nutshell, positive feedbacks, rather than negative ones, should be given first about classmates and colleagues.

本次写作考试点评：

本次新托福考试独立写作为新题，属于比较类题目，正反方均可选，而且可以进行让步。

1. 先进行积极的反馈更有利于双方关系。人之常情就是人们会把别人对自己的态度转嫁到他人身上。当人们发现自己总是被其他人看到缺点时，很有可能以同样的态度对其他人。这样一来，整个团队、班级和公司的氛围就会不友好，经常发生争吵、冲突。相反，如果先进行积极的反馈，收到的态度和反馈也会是积极的，整体的关系就会更加紧密。比如说，很多*和*的班级定时会进行谈话，调查各个学生对于自己的同学的态度。往往会出现一个情况：那些更加随和、好相处、对于别人的态度是欣赏而不是先具有攻击性的学生往往都是这个班里*受欢迎的，其他的同学对于这样的学生往往也有很高的评价；反而是那些先跟老师说自己的同学不爱学习、不听讲、课下欺负学生等等的学生也会受到其他学生对于他的不好的评价。

2. 先给出积极的反馈更能够鼓励同学或同事更加努力。人们往往都希望自己是被欣赏、被重视和被尊重的，而这种期望会让他们越发积极向上的做出更多的努力和改变来迎合更高的要求。如果他们付出了努力却不被认可，他们会开始沮丧、质疑自己的能力甚至消沉，从而停止*自己或者停止为团队做贡献。我们可以想象一个场景，一个公司中的团队需要合作出一份咖啡店logo的设计方案。但是团队中的成员在每一次开会的时候总是指出其他人在设计和理念上出现的问题，而不去肯定别人的成果、思维方式和专业度。几天之后，每一个人都失去了动力再去研究和改动自己的设计方案，因为他们认为自己每一次做的方案都会被其他人认为是没有用的东西。

3. 让步：先给出负面的反馈也不是完全不好。负面的反馈能让同学或同事充分意识到自己的不足，因为如果先说好的内容和评论，他们就会认为接下来的负面反馈没有那么重要，反而是沉浸在表扬和认可当中无法自拔；同时，负面的反馈在一定程度上可以激发学生和员工的斗志，让他们更加努力去*自己。但是，负面的反馈对人的伤害是无法估量的。人们往往没有办法掌握给出负面反馈的说话方式和语气态度，从而使得自己的意见在同学和同事心里被放大和误解，给他们留下心里阴影和伤害。