2021-07-29 05:59:23
来源：网络
作者：朗阁小编
古今对比是托福常考的一个小话题。题目经常让我们跟50年前的人,生活比较，到底是现在更好还是过去更好。 也会跟未来50年比较：是否现在生活中的问题会在未来的几十年中被解决。 古今对比是托福常考的一个小话题。题目经常让我们跟50年前的人,生活比较，到底是现在更好还是过去更好。 也会跟未来50年比较：是否现在生活中的问题会在未来的几十年中被解决。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:（2020.12.12）
所以老师专门从<经济学人>中挑选出一篇相关文章<A future perfect>推荐给大家。
语料学习方法：
*步: 看中文，理解思路
第二步：中翻译英
第三步：对比原文，积累地道表达
实际上， 人类各个方面都变得更好了
(1). 健康：
人们的生活不仅更加富足，健康状况也有明显改善，甚至好于过去的富人。原因之一是医学的飞速进 步。2009年猪流感的流行眼看就要导致灾难，但科学家一天之内就完成了对这种病毒基因组的测序， 并在不到六个月的时间里生产出了疫苗。 Not only have people grown much more prosperous; they also enjoy better health than even rich folk did in the past. This is due partly to galloping progress in medical science. When the swine flu pandemic threatened to become catastrophic in 2009, scientists sequenced the genome of the virus within a day and were producing a vaccine in less than six months.
1. prosperous. adj. 成功，繁荣，富裕的
a prosperous country, businessman, industry 繁荣昌盛的国家、事业成功的实业家、兴旺发达的工业
2. this is due partly to 原因之一是
3. galloping. adj. 飞速发展的
4. pandemic. adj.大规模流行的；n. 大流行病
(2) 生活改善:
基础技术的传播让人们有了清洁的饮用水和室内管道系统，这些可能更进一步改善了人们的生活。路易十四的宫殿是18世纪辉煌建筑的顶峰之作，然而甶于没有抽水马桶，难免臭气熏天。一位当时的观察 家写道："通道、走廊和庭院里到处都是屎尿。”现在，全球68%的人口都能享受到现代卫生设施，这可 是"太阳王’’路易十四无福消受的，而这一比例在1980年时只有24%。 （能想象这么漂亮的宫殿，结果到处是屎尿吗? ） The spread of basic technology, allowing for clean water and indoor plumbing, may have helped even more. Louis XIV's palace was the pinnacle of 18th-century grandeur. Nonetheless, without flush toilets, it stank. "The passageways, corridors and courtyards are filled with urine and faecal matter” wrote a contemporary observer. Now 68% of the worlds population have modern sanitation—a luxury denied to the Sun King—up from 24% in 1980.
5. allow for. 考虑；顾及
*We allowed for living expenses of £20 a day.
我们每天给自己留出20英镑的生活开销。
*You should allow for the plane being delayed.你应该考虑到飞机晚点怎么办。
6. plumbing. n. 管道系统
7. pinnacle. n. 顶峰
8. grandeur. n. (of scenery) 壮丽 ; (of building) 雄伟; (of style) 华丽
9. flush toilets. 抽水马桶
flush. v. 冲洗
10. stink. v. 发臭；（过去式stank; 过去分词stunk）
11. sanitation. n. 卫生系统或设备(下水道设备)
12. deny. v. 否认；拒不给某人
*He gave to his friends what he denied to his family. 他宁可赠予朋友也不给家里人.
(3) 人类本身也在进化中
人们也变得越来越聪明了。二战刚结束时，美国人平均智商为100分。到了2002年，同样的测试方法得 出的分值上升到了 118,**大的方面是对抽象问题的解答。*可能 的原因就是营养的改善和教育的普及一一获得了良好的营养，受到了良好的刺激，大脑就有可能会更聪敏一一以及环境的改善，比如石油除铅。
People are growing smarter too. Americans scored, on average, 100 points on IQ tests just after the second world war. By 2002, using the same test, this had risen to 118, with the biggest improvements in answers to the most abstract problems. The most likely reasons are better nutrition and the spread of education—brains that are well-fed and well-stimulated tend to work better—and environmental improvements such as the removal of lead from petrol.
(4) 现代人比以前更包容
甶于人们更加擅长抽象思维，他们更容易站在他人的角度思考问题。有充分的证据显示人类社会已变得越来越包容。就在1964年，连美国公民自由联盟（theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion)都认为应禁止同性恋者在政府工作。在1987年，只有48%的美国人赞同跨种族约会；到2012年这个数字则是86% 。 As people grow more adept at abstract thought, they find it easier to imagine themselves in other people's shoes. And there is plenty of evidence that society has grown more tolerant. As recently as 1964, even the American Civil Liberties Union agreed that homosexuals should be barred from government jobs. In 1987 only 48% of Americans approved of interracial dating; in 2012 that figure was 86%.
13. in other people's shoes. 处于（某人）的境地（通常指恶劣或困难的处境）
*I wouldn't like to be in Mike's shoes when the boss hears what he's done!
要是老板知道了迈克的所作所为，他的日子可就不好过了，我可不想象他那样！
14. be barred from. 被阻止做某事
*She was barred from (entering) the competition because of her age.
她因年龄的关系而被禁止（参加）比赛.
15. approve of . 赞同认可
*She doesn't want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents don't approve (of him). 她不愿把新男朋友带回家, 怕父母看不中（他）.* I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱, 可是请不要误了功课.
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