以读促写：巧用雅思阅读真题 *写作能力

2021-11-29 11:33:22 来源：网络 作者：朗阁小编

学习词汇表达的多样性 词汇的灵活多样表达占据了雅思写作评分的相当比重，要求考生避免在文章中千篇一律地用词。

5分段的考生在写作的表达和观点上都存在不少问题，尤其是用词方面，时有“逐字式翻译写作”，“不考虑搭配”等现象。例如，以下两句话取自一篇考生习作：

The better medical care means the more money cost. When the old cannot afford the medical care by themselves, young part of family will help them by using income.

其中，the more money cost | young part of family | help them by using income

都是不够准确的用词搭配，如何才能逐渐*用词精确度呢?我们不妨细品剑桥系列中的阅读原文。

选择合适的文章

剑桥系列那么多文章，我们应该先对其有所筛选，如重点关注社会类或教育类的节选。确定文章后，*步是在文中找出与大作文话题相关的词汇及表达。

以Greying population stays in the pink(C9T2P3)为例，我们可以摘录下列内容：

greying population 老龄化人口

elderly people 老年人

medical complaints 疾病(造成的困扰)

medical advance 医学进步

public health 公共健康

financial burden 财政负担

physical activity 体育活动

mental functioning 思维功能

prevent the brains from deteriorating 防止大脑退化

emotionally isolated 情感孤独

现在我们再看看，这些词汇是不是可以改进文首的不恰当搭配，从而*Lexical Resource这项评分维度的得分呢?

the more money cost可改为heavier financial burden on families;

young part of family可改为younger family members;

help them by using income 可改为support them financially。

在平时的写作练习中，若遇到社会类-老龄化相关的题目，我们可以用上这些话题词汇，如：

A recent survey shows that in many countries across the world people are generally living longer. But an increase in life expectancy has many implications for the aging individuals and the society as a whole.

学习词汇表达的多样性

词汇的灵活多样表达占据了雅思写作评分的相当比重，要求考生避免在文章中千篇一律地用词。比如这么一道题目：

The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

很多考生都能想到一个观点，老一辈更加*守、追求稳定的职业，而年轻的一代更大胆、更敢于追求新鲜事物。但具体在表达写成文章时，对于新鲜事物这一概念的表达却捉襟见肘，除了“new”以外想不到别的。那么我们在这里且看雅思阅读文章里是如何灵活表达的：

The best way to see things differently to other people is to bombard the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.

Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to be exposed to what is fresh and different. Observation of iconoclasts shows that they embrace novelty while most people avoid things that are different.

这段文字出自《A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently》一文(C9T2P3)，本文作者严格遵照了词汇表达多样性这一原则。短短一段话，用了四种不同方式来表达“接受新鲜事物”这一概念(see things differently | things it has never encountered before | be exposed to what is fresh and different | embrace novelty)。

我们完全可以试着用这些词来组合成句子，来回应题目关键词younger generations：

Young employees outdo their older counterparts as the former are more willing to embrace more novelty and diversity in their careers. As the ever-changing work environment requires employees to see things differently, those who are constantly exposed to what is fresh and different are more welcomed by most employers.

当然通过这样的对于文章词汇多样性的学习还对我们的阅读有实际的好处：我们可以通过这个机会总结雅思阅读中常见的替换词。

借鉴观点、扩充语料库

接下来让我们来看以下这道题：

Some people believe there are intelligent life forms existing on other planets and it is better to send messages to them, but others think it is a bad idea because it is very dangerous to do this. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

这是公认的一道冷门难题，很多考生觉得一筹莫展。而其实如果我们仔细阅读过Is there anybody out there? The search for extra-terrestrial intelligence一文(C9T1P2)的话就会很容易想到观点。文中给出了赞成的观点。

We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions.  大致意思是说寻找外星文明能够帮助人类了解地球与其他文明星球的区别，从而更好地了解我们自己。

Thus any other civilization that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilization will tell us that the older civilization may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.  大致意思是说一些古老的文明能够传递给我们有用的经验。

积累这些观点后，再灵活地应用原文的相关词汇及表达，我们尝试写出以下段落：

By detecting other intelligent life forms or even exchanging information with them we human beings can better understand how life evolves naturally and what the difference and similarity are between the Earth and other planets. This can sufficiently satisfy our curiosity about life and natural science. Another more practical benefit is that once we manage to communicate with other older civilizations in the Universe, they may pass on their experience in dealing with threats to human survival such as global pollution.

阅读是输入，写作是输出——阅读让我们的思绪徜徉星空，写作让我们的思维脚踏实地。同学们可以把阅读真题充分利用起来，以读促写，双管齐下，在准备语料上拿到6+是妥妥的。