托福阅读高频出错题之细节为王

2016-03-01 08:00:00 来源：网络 作者：朗阁小编

本文托福培训老师就从同学们平时的高频出错题的分析出发，让大家了解到细节处理在托福阅读中的重要性。

同时接触过托福阅读和雅思阅读的同学都应该知道，托福阅读相较于雅思而言，乍看上去是更容易定位的，毕竟每道题旁边就对应着出题段落。从这个点出发，于是很多人就会认为托福阅读会比雅思阅读更为简单。其实不然，仔细研究过两类考试就不难发现：托福阅读虽然给出了出题段落，但要精准定位其实不易，更不用说在定位之后还要去有效地辨别选项中的干扰，以免一不小心踏入陷阱。

其实不论是托福、雅思或者GMAT、GRE阅读，从实质上讲基本考察的都是information analysis, 即信息处理能力。这种能力要求我们要么从宏观的框架出发，要么就从微观的细节出发去寻求答案。而托福阅读在我看来，同学们在细节的处理上是更容易出错的。本文托福培训老师就从同学们平时的高频出错题的分析出发，让大家了解到细节处理在托福阅读中的重要性。

细节处理之审题

【例题1】Perhaps so much time has passed that there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images, but their mystique only adds to their importance. Certainly a great art exists, and by its existence reveals that ancient human beings were not without intelligence, skill, and sensitivity.

Online Test: Lascaux Cave Paintings

According to paragraph 6, why might the puzzling questions about the paintings never be answered?

○ Keeping the paintings a mystery will increase their importance.

○ The artists hid their tools with great intelligence and skill.

○ Too many years have gone by since the images were painted.

○ Answering the question is not very important to scholars.

【正确答案】C

【经典错误】A

【错误原因】选A其实不难题解，大多数同学是因为看到文中这句’but their mystique only adds to their importance’而对应到这个答案的。这也是做细节信息题时老师经常会讲到的解题思路，即“同义转换”。于是几乎一模一样的原文和选项的转换就让同学们轻易掉入了这个陷阱之中。

【正确解析】这道题会选错的根本原因是同学们忽略了一件答题时非常重要的事情，那就是审题。并不是原题中告诉我们第几段，我们就闷着头把这段话全部读完，找到和某个选项*类似的表达就可以了。因为狡猾的ETS往往会在选项中放置这样一类答案“请问你几岁啊？”“我今年读*。”虽然回答的也都是事实，但其实答非所问。这道题我们回过头去看题目，问的是“为什么关于这些画的问题从来没有被回答过？”问的是原因，那么我们就去精准定位找原因，问题对应到原文的’there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images’, 在这句话的前半部分，有这样一个词组so...that..., 于是我们就应该知道原因就在这里了。

【例题2】【Paragraph 1】Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly. In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas.

【Paragraph 3】Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.

【Paragraph 4】Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

Online Test: Electricity from Wind

Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?

○ They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.

○ They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.

○ Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.

○ Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.

【正确答案】B

【经典错误】D

【错误原因】这道题选择D对于很多同学来讲，也是无奈之举。因为出题段落实在太长了，短时间内根本无法找到正确的出路去解答这道题。于是D这个看起来*符合文章大意，*像答案的选项就自然成为同学们的选择了。

【正确解析】其实，如果同学们仔细审题就会发现，题干里对大家的提示还是挺明显的。首先从infer看出这是一道推理题，而推理的对象来自文章的段，但是答案应该得出自文章的第三和第四段。于是我们就自然地找到这样一条解题路径：段定位推理对象—明确推理对象性质或特点—第三、四段综合寻找有关细节—将所有细节结合推论。按照这个思路，我们从段得知这些州都是适合风力发电的地方，然后到三、四段找到适合风力发电的地点具备in remote areas和with steady winds两个特点（文中都有表示地点的词作提示），*后将两个信息点结合起来就可以推断出B选项了。

细节处理之指代

【例题1】The United States in the 1800’s was full of practical, hardworking people who did not consider the arts—from theater to painting—useful occupations. In addition, the public’s attitude that European art was better than American art both discouraged and infuriated American artists. In the early 1900’s there was a strong feeling among artists that th