托福写作让步段怎么写?首先大家要明白什么是让步段?让步段内容会写到支持面的弊端或对立面的优点,貌似与立场相悖,南辕北辙,实际上却是为了佐证自己观点。
对于一篇独立写作,主体段充分展开与否非常重要。在主体段段落安排时,除了写支持段(supporting paragraphs)也可以使用让步段(concession)。考生不禁会问:究竟何为让步段?为何要写让步段?具体如何写让步段?笔者蔡蔡将会一一解答。
究竟何为让步段?
让步段内容会写到支持面的弊端或对立面的优点,貌似与立场相悖,南辕北辙;实则,让步段并不是“搬石头砸自己的脚”,而是为了“退一小步,近一大步”以退为进地练习文章立场。
为何要写让步段?
实则是为了:内容上更加充实,逻辑上更加严密,思路上更加切题。
首先,段落展开内容上不仅可以说支持面的好处,也可以写自身有何缺点,或反方有何可取之处。这样一来,文章可写内容变多,更加充实。其次,在逻辑上也包含了辩证思考,正反分析。最后,对于题干中反面不可被忽略的题目,如二选一的利弊类题目,若没有通过段内对比的方式包含对立面,文章并未全面覆盖题干信息,充分切题,但用让步段可以将两者兼顾。
具体如何写让步段?
01
欲扬先抑(跟支持面让步)
欲扬先抑是指先承认支持面不足,稍加解释不足之后,转折提出整体利大于弊,或不足之处可被避免。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Technology has more positive effects than negative ones.
以本题为例,题目问科技是否利大于弊。因为题目中包含了利弊两个方面,不建议只写利处或弊端,可以通过让步段兼顾题目立场的弊端。本题若选择支持立场,可以先通过两个主体段充分支持科技的好处,如1.科技促进了人们之间的信息交流。2.科技给社会带来诸多便利,省力省时。让步段便可采用欲扬先抑,即承认科技有弊端,如占用过多的时间,面临个人信息被盗的风险,但是较之于整体获得的便利,这些弊端可以忽略不计。事实上,只要合理规划时间,上网时注意个人信息的保护,这些弊端也可以避免。
该类让步思路梳理清楚后,蔡蔡给大家补充一些常用表达。
承认自身不足
Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that/It is true that(诚然,不可否认的是)支持面, to some extent(一定程度上), may/possibly/probably(或许) have one or two/a couple of/minor drawbacks/defects/demerits/shortcomings(不足)
稍加解释不足:
For instance/for example/to illustrate,...
但整体利大于弊:
However/nevertheless/nonetheless/as a matter of fact然而
Its overall merits/benefits/advantages(整体好处) far outweigh/outnumber/overshadow(远大于)its demerits/defects/disadvantages(其弊端)
但弊端可以规避:
As a matter of fact/In fact, as long as 解决方案, the so-called negative effects/consequences can be avoided.
However, the problem can be solved by …
Actually, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
02
先礼后兵(跟对立面让步)
先礼后兵是指承认对立面好,稍加解释后转折让步:没支持面好或者有潜在弊端
Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork.
以本题为例,父母应该利用难得的亲子时光陪孩子做游戏或运动,还是陪孩子做作业。若立场为支持父母陪孩子做游戏或运动,可以有两点支持:1.陪孩子做运动有助于孩子放松身心压力2.陪孩子游戏或运动时可以促进亲子交流。让步段可以和对立面让步,即承认陪孩子做作业有一定好处,比如有利于孩子巩固所学,提高学习成绩,但过多注重学习而忽略课外活动会物极必反,孩子有可能变成没有实用技能的书呆子。
同样,简要梳理思路后,蔡蔡补充一些相关表达供大家参考。
承认对立面好
Admittedly/Granted, 对立面have some merits which deserve some words here./I am not denying the significance of 对立面
稍加解释对立面优点
For instance/for example/to illustrate,...
但没支持面好
However, compared with/in comparison with 支持面, it pales into significance.
However, its benefits are dwarfed by that of 支持面
但有潜在弊端
However, its seemingly beneficial aspects may turn out to be defective, even destructive.
However, overemphasis on 对立面 may result in some undesirable consequences.
同学们现在知道托福写作让步段怎么写了吧。同学们制定明确的备好计划以后,就坚定的执行下去吧!